Netherlands

Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands in respect of the Netherlands Antilles and the Republic of Finland for the exchange of information with respect to taxes. Paris 10 September 2009

Agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany on the joint provision of information and navigation advice in the Ems Estuary by means of land-based radar and high-frequency radio facilities (with annexes including a map). Bonn 9 December 1980

Current research on child poverty in rich countries is most quantitative in nature and mainly concentrated on determining its extent and future outcomes. Notwithstanding the valuable results this kind of research has yielded little is known about what poverty is experienced in the ‘world of children’ i.e. in their daily lives. To consider poverty from a child’s perspective is still rare (e.g. Ridge 2002). The current study of children growing up poor in an affluent Netherlands is an initial effort and adds to the focus on the children’s perspectives and their coping mechanisms. This way it enables us to see children’s agency in their own environment. The study seeks also to promote children’s visibility and their voices within the scope of research on child poverty in rich countries through both a theoretical and empirical exploration. It discusses how recent sociological approaches to the study of childhood can further advance attempts to consider poverty from the perspective of the child. Additionally to further understand children’s own responses to growing up in poverty current literature on coping mechanisms among children is also considered. Subsequently this study seeks to give children’s perspectives on the basis of qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in the Netherlands among six-to-sixteen-year-old children (and their parents) of 65 families living at the national minimum benefit level. First analyses show that poverty may affect children’s lives in various ways (materially socially as well as emotionally) but also that they develop their own solutions to deal with it: children are not just passive victims of the situation they grow up in. Clear individual differences emerge among the children interviewed: both to the extent they are actually confronted with poverty and to the degree they succeed in coping with it. It seems that poor children are not equally affected by poverty. It is therefore important not to consider poor children as a homogeneous group but rather to emphasise the individual differences within the group of poor children and to identify the mediating factors that may aggravate or diminish the adverse impact of poverty on children’s everyday lives. Further clarifying the mediating factors and subsequently classifying protective and risk factors may give some clear underpinnings for policy makers: factors that prove to be protective should be strengthened whereas factors that seem to exacerbate a negative influence of poverty on children should be addressed. Listening to children also reveals the issues that they consider important and identifies the areas in which they experience growing up in poverty to be most severely. Such an insight helps to develop policy interventions that attend to their own need and that make a difference to the daily lives of poor children