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- Sustainable Development Goals
- Life on Land
Life on Land
What works?
Policy makers regulatory and enforcement agencies and funding institutions have good reason to seek insights into which interventions are effective in decreasing wildlife crime and in what contexts success has been achieved. Such knowledge can inform decisions about which interventions to fund or implement and which policies to pursue.
Impacts and harms
The preceding chapter of this report provides insights based on seizure data into contemporary patterns and trends in wildlife trafficking and considers evidence of the nature of related criminal activities. This current chapter takes stock of the types of harms that can result from wildlife crime. Such analysis was not a feature of the first two editions of the World Wildlife Crime Report but is included here as better understanding of these harms can shape perceptions of wildlife crime’s significance and inform both policy responses and prioritization of actions.
Drivers
The driving forces behind wildlife crime are a complex interplay of motivations and influences from economic incentives to socio-cultural dynamics. This chapter attempts to shed light on the diverse drivers shaping the patterns and trends of criminality connected with wildlife trafficking. Better understanding of these factors can inform the design and refinement of remedial interventions.
Introduction
This third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report probes recent trends in the illicit trafficking of protected species of wild fauna and flora and provides a broad assessment of current knowledge about the causes and implications of associated crime at a global level.
Preface
I am pleased to present the third edition of UNODC’s World Wildlife Crime Report which aims to provide a tool to assess and improve responses to this hugely damaging form of criminal activity. The present report covers trends in the illicit wildlife trade analyses harms and impacts probes driving factors and takes stock of responses.
Summary, conclusions & policy implications
This third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report like its predecessors published in 2016 and 2020 probes trends in the illicit trafficking of protected wildlife species. It also presents systematic analyses of wildlife crime harms and impacts probes the factors driving wildlife trafficking trends and takes stock of current knowledge about the effectiveness of the different types of intervention being pursued to resolve this problem.
Acknowledgements
The third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report was prepared by the Research and Trend Analysis Branch Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu Director of the Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs and Angela Me Chief of the Research and Trend Analysis Branch.
World Wildlife Crime Report 2024
Trafficking in Protected Species
This third edition of UNODC’s quadrennial World Wildlife Crime Report aims to provide a tool to assess and improve responses to this hugely damaging form of criminal activity. The present report covers trends in the illicit wildlife trade analyses harms and impacts probes driving factors and takes stock of responses. Wildlife crimes are diverse and often devastating in their impact and consequences. They hamper conservation efforts damage ecosystems and contribute to undermining our planet’s capacity to mitigate climate change. They also infringe on the essential needs income opportunities and cultural rights of local communities and corrode governance and the rule of law. Global recognition of this damage has grown steadily and after two decades of concerted action there is some cause for optimism. There has been tangible success against trafficking of some iconic species while cross-border cooperation and criminalization of wildlife crime have both improved.
Child and Adolescent Road Safety in South Asia
Low to lower-middle income nations bear 78 per cent of child road traffic injuries. Conversely high-income countries with robust safety measures account for just 3 per cent. This report outlines South Asia’s status country profiles assessment tools and guidance for effective action under the Safe Systems framework regarding child and adolescent road injuries. In 2019 injuries accounted for at least 9 per cent of the 12.2 million deaths in South Asia with approximately a quarter attributed to road traffic collisions. Among children and adolescents 171468 died from injuries with 29859 due to road traffic collisions the primary cause of injury-related death alongside drowning. The overall road traffic death rate was 6 per 100000 population though Afghanistan reported rates exceeding 16 per 100000. The region lost 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to such collisions among those under 20. With over 708 million children and adolescents in South Asia urgent governmental action is imperative given the substantial economic impact estimated to be billions of US dollars or 0.3 to 7.5 per cent of GDP. This report is intended to provide relevant information about the burden risk factors and interventions to address road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in the region. The target audience includes UNICEF staff in country and regional offices country level road safety and public health practitioners policy makers advocates and academics.
What puts children and adolescents more at risk?
Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to road traffic injuries than adults for a range of reasons. These reasons or risk factors can be classified as being non-modifiable or modifiable. In addition there are post-crash factors that place children at elevated risk of preventable serious injury or death in the event of being involved in road traffic crash.
Introduction
The 2018 WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety called for a ‘shift in the current child health agenda which has largely neglected road safety’ (1). The call for this shift is not new having been a central theme of the 2008 ‘World report on child injury prevention’ (2) but the burden of road trauma on the lives of children and their families continues to be huge. Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death to children and young people worldwide (3).
What are good practices?
It is recommended that strategic planning for child and adolescent road safety follow three principles of best practice: Adopt a Safe Systems approach employ evidence-based child-specific strategies (alongside evidence-based all ages strategies) and include cost-effective interventions where possible. These principles are outlined below – and further details can be found in the documents listed in the section ‘Global attention and resources for regional action on child and adolescent road safety.
Abbreviations and acronyms
Why road traffic collisions need to be addressed
As the world struggles to address multiple global health issues it is possible to overlook the causes of death and disability that might be considered endemic. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been a leading cause of death of children over the age of one for many decades but we are now equipped with ample evidence to reduce this preventable cause of death and disability.
Child and adolescent road traffic situation in South Asia
The South Asian nations under the regional office of South Asia (Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka) have an estimated combined population of 1.856 billion or just under a quarter of the world’s 7.9 billion. This includes 708054 million children and young people under the age of 20.
Acknowledgements
This child and adolescent road safety report is a product of the UNICEF Regional Office of South Asia. The report was researched and prepared by Margie Peden Jane Elkington and Pratishtha Singh of The George Institute for Global Health.