أفغانستان

Cette publication met en lumière l'impact des restrictions israéliennes sur l'économie de la Cisjordanie et les conditions socio-économiques de ses ménages pour la période 1998-2019 avec un accent particulier sur l'impact des restrictions imposées par l'occupation au lendemain de la deuxième Intifada. Il donne un aperçu des restrictions et des mesures israéliennes pendant la deuxième Intifada et la période post-Intifada. Il considère ensuite une trajectoir Read More

This publication sheds light on the impact of the Israeli restrictions on the economy of the West Bank and the socioeconomic conditions of its households for the period 1998-2019 with special focus on the impact of the restrictions imposed by occupation in the aftermath of the second Intifada. It provides an overview of the Israeli restrictions and measures during the second Intifada and the post Intifada period. It then considers a counterfactual (altern Read More

The study addresses the leakage of Palestinian fiscal revenue to Israel and provide up-to-date data on the sources of losses of Palestinian fiscal resources. It explains that the fiscal costs are part of the overall economic costs caused by occupation and consists of two components: (i) Palestinian fiscal leakage to Israel under the PER and (ii) other fiscal losses that are not leaked to Israel but caused by policies and measures imposed under the prolonged occupation.

The Palestinian trade and taxation policy framework was established in accordance with the Paris Protocol as the West Bank and Gaza Strip came under the jurisdiction of PNA for a transitional period that was stipulated to last for only five years. The Protocol shapes the main policy framework for the management of economic affairs by PNA not only in terms of external trade relations but also in terms of financial monetary and other economic relations with I Read More

Since 1967 the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been subject to protracted Israeli occupation that has created a hostile environment affecting the Palestinian economy and all spheres of life. Following the signing of the Protocol on Economic Relations in 1994 which was expected to improve Palestinian economic conditions the economic policies as well as the security and military measures of Israel imposed on the Occupied Palestinian Territory ha Read More

The trade and taxation regime currently in operation has long burdened the Palestinian economy. The many shortcomings of the Paris Protocol have allowed fiscal leakage to the treasury of Israel and entailed a lack of Palestinian sovereignty which has led to the loss of control of tax collection minimization of the tax base and weakening of access to information and tax records. The fiscal ramifications have limited the ability of PNA to respond to frequent h Read More

This chapter discusses some of the concepts related to fiscal leakage and the causes and sources of each type of leakage within the focus of this study including the nature and mechanisms of the evasion of customs duties and taxes.

The study addresses the leakage of Palestinian fiscal revenue to Israel and provide up-to-date data on the sources of losses of Palestinian fiscal resources. It explains that the fiscal costs are part of the overall economic costs caused by occupation and consists of two components: (i) Palestinian fiscal leakage to Israel under the PER and (ii) other fiscal losses that are not leaked to Israel but caused by policies and measures imposed under the prolonged occupation.

Agreement between the Government of the State of Israel and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on cooperation in the field of exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Astana 30 June 2009