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الزراعة والتنمية الريفية والغابات
الزراعة والتنمية الريفية والغابات
OCHA Policy and Studies Series
ECLAC COVID-19 Special Report
The ECLAC COVID-19 special reports are a collection of sectoral briefings on the impacts and challenges of the current coronavirus pandemic in the Latin America and the Caribbean region.
Informe Especial COVID-19 de la CEPAL
Los informes especiales COVID-19 de la CEPAL agrupan breves notas sectoriales sobre los efectos y desafíos de la actual pandemia coronavirus en la región América Latina y el Caribe.
Informes COVID-19 de la CEPAL
Los informes COVID-19 de la CEPAL agrupan breves notas sectoriales sobre los efectos y desafíos de la actual pandemia coronavirus en la región América Latina y el Caribe.
ECLAC COVID-19 Reports
The ECLAC COVID-19 reports are a collection of sectoral briefings on the impacts and challenges of the current coronavirus pandemic in the Latin America and the Caribbean region.
Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR)
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Reports
UN Women Ending Violence Against Women (EVAW) COVID-19 Briefs
This series explores in depth the trends and impacts of the recent global COVID-19 pandemic on violence against women and girls. It examines implications for the prevention of and response to violence against women and girls in public and private settings including violence facilitated by information and communications technology. It also provides guidance for the collection of data on the impact of COVID-19 on violence against women and girls. Each brief in the series draws upon the knowledge and experience of a wide range of stakeholders that are supporting solutions to end intimate partner violence and other forms of violence against women and girls accounting for the individual country context in which the crisis is occurring. The briefs make recommendations for all sectors of society including governments civil society and international organizations on how to prevent and respond to violence against women and girls at the onset during and after the public health crisis and include examples of actions already taken.
Los museos, protagonistas de la resistencia
Afrontar las nuevas limitaciones en materia de acogida de público y al mismo tiempo redefinir nuestros vínculos con el arte y la cultura: como tantas otras instituciones del mundo el Museo de Arte de Queens de Nueva York trata de reinventarse y reflexiona sobre un modelo de museo integrador que sitúe a artistas educadores y ciudadanos en el núcleo de sus actividades.
La pandemia, espejo de nuestra vulnerabilidad
Desigualdad social violencia de género carencias en materia de vivienda y sistemas sanitarios: la crisis del COVID-19 ha desvelado las grietas que dividen a nuestras sociedades. Para cambiar el mundo tendremos que abordar problemas a los que hasta ahora no habíamos sido capaces de enfrentarnos.
Una ocasión para reinventar la escuela
A causa de la crisis sanitaria casi 1.500 millones de alumnos –es decir el 90% de la población escolar del mundo– no pueden asistir a la escuela (fuente: UNESCO). De repente los centros de enseñanza han tenido que adaptarse al aprendizaje a distancia lo que les ha obligado a imaginar otros métodos pedagógicos.
Circunnavegación: La educación atraviesa una crisis sin precedentes
La crisis que ha causado en la educación el cierre de escuelas y universidades en el mundo entero decretado con miras a frenar la propagación de la pandemia de COVID-19 alcanzó su punto máximo a mediados de abril. Entre el 16 y el 19 de ese mes los centros de enseñanza permanecieron cerrados en más de 190 países lo que afectó a 1.570 millones de niños y jóvenes es decir a más del 90% de los alumnos. Durante toda la crisis sanitaria la UNESCO ha dado seguimiento a la situación a escala mundial mediante la publicación en su página web de una lista de instituciones educativas cerradas.
Zoom: Diarios de un viaje inmóvil
Aislamiento pérdida de ingresos cargas familiares abrumadoras: las mujeres fotógrafas han sido duramente afectadas por el confinamiento impuesto para contener la pandemia de COVID-19. Ante esta situación sin precedentes más de 400 mujeres fotógrafas se reunieron en un proyecto de colaboración único The Journal que nació espontáneamente a mediados de marzo tras una invitación formulada en Facebook por el colectivo Women Photograph. Desde 2017 esta red que cuenta con más de mil miembros en un centenar de países se ha fijado la meta de aumentar la presencia de mujeres fotógrafas en los medios de comunicación.
“Las mujeres siguen siendo las heroínas ignoradasde esta crisis”
La crisis sanitaria y el confinamiento casi generalizado causados por la pandemia han agravado la violencia que se ejerce contra las mujeres. La directora ejecutiva de ONU Mujeres Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka advierte de que los derechos de la mujer podrían quedar menoscabados.
Nuestro invitado: Yuval Noah Harari: “Toda crisis ofrece también una oportunidad”
Por un nuevo pacto social en América Latina
Disminución de salarios deserción escolar auge del trabajo informal aumento brusco del desempleo: las consecuencias sociales de la crisis sanitaria para los habitantes de la de región de América Latina y el Caribe han tenido vastas repercusiones. Para evitar un incremento de las desigualdades Karina Batthyány aboga por la puesta en marcha de un sistema más solidario y justo.
Investigación: “Esta epidemia será un detonador”
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft es una de las fundadoras de la Coalición para la investigación clínica del COVID-19 lanzada en abril por instituciones científicas médicos donantes y encargados de la formulación de políticas de casi 30 naciones para promover la investigación en los países de bajos ingresos. Esta especialista aboga por investigaciones específicas adaptadas a esos países.
India: Heritage theft remains a challenge
Faced with an increasing demand for its art objects in the global antiquities market India has introduced strict laws to curb the illicit export of its archaeological and cultural heritage. However the implementation of these laws remains a major challenge due to the poverty that fuels looting and the lack of adequate security to protect historical monuments.
Escribir para iluminar la noche
El mundo que se avecina será diferente del que hemos conocido hasta ahora. La poetisa Zhai Yongming vaticina que el ser humano será más respetuoso con lo que desconoce y con las demás especies vivas que pueblan nuestro planeta.
La crisis sanitaria, un terreno abonado para la desinformación
En África al igual que en otros continentes han proliferado durante la crisis sanitaria teorías conspirativas e informaciones falsas sobre la enfermedad de COVID-19. Propagadas a través de las redes sociales aluden por ejemplo a la existencia de remedios presuntamente milagrosos contra esta como el consumo de té negro hojas de nim y sopa de pimienta. Para contrarrestar esa epidemia de bulos es menester refutarlos previo rastreo en las plataformas digitales así como fomentar el sentido de la responsabilidad de estas e impulsar una educación básica para el uso crítico de los medios informativos.
Las fronteras, cada vez más móviles e invisibles, siguen siendo auténticas barreras
Las fronteras de hoy no se delimitan forzosamente con muros de ladrillo y alambradas de púas sino que se están metamorfoseando en barreras móviles construidas mediante la aplicación de tecnologías de vanguardia y reglamentaciones complejas que restringen la circulación de los ciudadanos. Esta metamorfosis se ha acentuado con la pandemia de COVID-19.
Our guest: Yuval Noah Harari: “Every crisis is also an opportunity”
Lifestyle diseases, the emerging threat
Argentina: At the forefront of restitution
Since 2004 Argentina has returned nearly 5000 cultural objects seized on its territory to their countries of origin. A greater recognition of the art of pre-Columbian civilizations and the adoption of a law protecting archaeological and palaeontological heritage are at the origin of this new policy.
The 1970 convention: Cultural diversity before the letter of the law
Adopted in 1970 the UNESCO Convention is a prominent legal instrument in the fight against looting and illicit trafficking. By laying down the principles of shared responsibility and cultural equity it has also opened the way to the right of peoples to enjoy their own cultural heritage.
China: Bronzes from around the world reunite in a digital museum
A new kind of museum in Tongling China virtually displays ancient copper and bronze objects from the Han dynasty many of which have found their way to museums abroad. It foretells the future of digital museums institutions capable of sharing their resources and offering unprecedented access to their collections to global audiences.
Research: “This epidemic will be a detonator”
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft is one of the initiators of the COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition launched in April 2020. It brings together scientists physicians donors and policymakers from over thirty countries to accelerate research on the disease in resource-poor nations. She argues that research must be specifically adapted to the needs of these countries.
Wide angle: 50 years of the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural goods
Half a century after its adoption the UNESCO 1970 Convention against the illicit trafficking of cultural property is still a major instrument to stem this scourge. Over the last fifty years the fight against this underground trade has intensified and awareness of the moral damage caused by the plunder has grown. But the craze for these objects the prices of which have skyrocketed; the leniency of sanctions and the vulnerability of sites in conflict zones are all challenges that need to be addressed to curb the trafficking of what some call blood antiquities.
The Netherlands: Museums confront the country’s colonial past
The pioneering Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen (The National Museum of World Cultures) in the Netherlands was one of the first museums in Europe to develop mechanisms for repatriating artefacts looted from former colonies.
Australia’s first people their social and emotional well-being
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians make up 2.5 per cent of the Australian population and continue to suffer disproportionately from the consequences of European settlement. The life expectancy for Indigenous Australians is 10 years lower than that of other Australians; the death rates for Indigenous people are twice as high across all age groups; and intentional self-harm was the leading cause of death from external causes for Indigenous males between 2001 and 2005.' Although definitive national data about the incidence and prevalence of mental health disorders among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians is not available it is clear there are enormous disparities in mental health outcomes for Indigenous people.
Indigenous peoples: Vulnerable, yet resilient
The global health crisis has highlighted the resilience of some indigenous communities. But above all it has revealed the fragility of these populations – whose poverty malnutrition and poor access to health care makes them particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases.
The health crisis: Fertile ground for disinformation
Disinformation and conspiracy theories have proliferated on social media during the pandemic. Black tea neem leaves and pepper soup have been touted as miracle cures for COVID-19 in Africa and elsewhere. To combat this infodemic digital platforms must be made more accountable fake news tracked and called out and media literacy developed.
Latin America: Towards a new social pact
Declining incomes school drop-outs the growth of informal work and steep rises in unemployment. The social consequences of the health crisis for the inhabitants of the Latin America and the Caribbean region have been massive. The author calls for the establishment of a fairer and more supportive social system to avoid a deepening of inequalities.
Climate change and malaria a complex relationship
Climate change is defined as a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability persisting for an extended periodtypically decades or longerthat may be attributed to natural internal processes external forcing or persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Malaria the world’s most important and deadly tropical mosquito-borne parasitic disease kills approximately 1 million people and afflicts as many as 1 billion people in 109 countries throughout Africa Asia and Latin America. Reducing the impact of malaria will significantly enhance the efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals agreed upon by every United Nations Member State. Variation in climatic conditions such as temperature rainfall patterns and humidity has a profound effect on the longevity of the mosquito and on the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito and subsequently on malaria transmission.
Then and now
How the world changes! Nearly a generation ago in 1994 I served as coauthor of a major World Bank study Better Health in Africa. Now I have the privilege to observe health issues around the world as President and CEO of the United Nations Association of the USA (UNA-USA). These experiences give me perspective on changes in global health institutions policies and funding.
The art market: A victim of its own success
The very lucrative black market in works of art and antiques has flourished thanks to the keen interest of buyers shortcomings in legislation the complicity of those in the sector an increase in looting in countries in conflict situations and the development of online sales platforms.
Global health: Priority agenda for the 21st century
At the core of the United Nations Millennium Declaration of 2000 are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for 2015 which recognize that global health is a priority agenda for the twenty-first century. Achieving the MDGs is essential for world peace and economic stability and for addressing the critical issues of human rights equality and equity.
Developing global public health links
The “short twentieth century” as defined by Eric Hobsbawm in 1995 was marked by important economic social and technical-scientific advances that improved the quality of life and health for millions of people around the world. However as an “age of extremes’—a phrase also coined by Hobsbawm—the process of globalization began to create not only large international disparities but also huge social and health problems especially in countries excluded from the central axes of the global economy.
Education: An opportunity to reinvent teaching
More than 1.5 billion students – or ninety per cent of the world’s student population – have been affected by temporary closures of schools and universities in 2020 due to the health crisis according to UNESCO. Educational institutions have been forced almost overnight to switch to remote learning platforms and devise alternative teaching methods.
“We must punish the looters, but also the buyers”
The trafficking in antiquities from war zones in the Middle East has grown steadily over the past two decades. While there is international consensus on condemning this illicit trade it remains difficult to combat it in practice. One way to stop it is to increase sanctions on buyers says Amr Al-Azm an archaeologist and professor of Middle East history and anthropology at Shawnee State University in Ohio United States.
Wide angle a whole new world, reimagined by women: What the pandemic says about us
The higher value placed on human life the rise of the influence of health services the medicalization of our lives the extension of state power – these phenomena did not arise from the crisis caused by the pandemic but were revealed by it.
Zoom: When jazz fever gripped the townships
Jürgen Schadeberg (1931-2020) the photographer who chronicled apartheid also documented the evolution of South African jazz for almost sixty years.
Mapping the world: Beirut: Rebuilding the future through education and culture
Already reeling from the economic crisis and the global pandemic Beirut was rocked by two deadly explosions on 4 August 2020. The blasts claimed nearly 200 lives left thousands wounded and ravaged a large area at the heart of the Lebanese capital.
Shifting borders: Invisible, but very real
Today’s borders are no longer necessarily made of bricks and barbed wire. They are increasingly becoming moving barriers that rely on cutting-edge technologies and complex regulations to impose travel restrictions on citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accentuated this phenomenon.
Greece: The itinerary of a stolen stele
This is the story of a Greek funerary stele from the fourth century BC put up for sale by an international auction house in 2017. The piece was not withdrawn from the auction catalogue even after the warnings of an expert regarding its dubious provenance backed by solid evidence. It would take over a year and numerous initiatives before the stele was finally returned to the Greek authorities.
Ideas: Racism: Confronting the unthinkable
The police brutality that came into focus in the United States in spring 2020 sparked a wave of protests that extended far beyond the countrys borders. Racism whether systemic or ordinary remains deeply rooted in the minds and workings of contemporary societies the author argues.
Policy trends in advancing safe motherhood
It is a startling and sobering feet that every minute of every day a woman dies in pregnancy and childbirth somewhere in the world. This equates to more than half a million women dying in pregnancy and childbirth every year with 99 per cent of these tragedies occurring in developing countries.
Mapping the world: Education: An unprecedented crisis
The closure of schools and universities around the world to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a major education crisis that reached its peak in mid-April 2020. Between 16 and 19 April schools shut down in more than 190 countries affecting 1.57 billion children and young people – over ninety per cent of all learners. Throughout the health crisis UNESCO monitored the situation globally by publishing a map of school closures on its website.
Malaria: Blood, sweat, and tears
Our guests: “We must educate algorithms”
Sexist algorithms? The question may seem odd. Coded by humans the algorithms used by artificial intelligence are not free of stereotypes. But while they can induce sexist or racist biases they can also be used to advance the cause of gender equality. This is what Aude Bernheim and Flora Vincent demonstrate in their book LIntelligence artificielle pas sans elles! (Artificial intelligence not without women!).
The pandemic: Mirroring our fragilities
Social inequalities gender violence poor housing failing health systems – the health crisis has exposed the fractures that divide our societies. To change the world we will have to address challenges that we have not been able to face up to so far.
Rethinking museums for the future
With new constraints on welcoming visitors the Queens Museum in New York City – like many other institutions around the world – is reflecting on how best to redefine our ties to art and culture. The museum’s team is working on an inclusive model that places artists educators and residents at the heart of its activities as it seeks to reinvent itself.
Social networks: The new El Dorado for traffickers
Auction sites and social networks have in the last few years become hubs for the illicit trafficking of cultural goods. Though Facebook recently banned the trade in antiquities on its platform much remains to be done to curb this relatively recent marketplace which offers traffickers a global showcase.
Pueblos indígenas: La fragilidad a prueba de la crisis
La crisis sanitaria mundial ha demostrado la resiliencia de algunas comunidades indígenas. Pero sobre todo ha puesto de relieve la fragilidad de estos grupos humanos cuya pobreza desnutrición y escaso acceso a la atención médica los hace especialmente vulnerables a las enfermedades infecciosas.
Gran angular ¿un mundo diferente? Las mujeres tienen la palabra: Revelaciones de la crisis sanitaria
El valor supremo concedido a la vida humana la potenciación de los servicios sanitarios la medicalización de nuestra existencia y la extensión del poder estatal son fenómenos que la crisis mundial generada por la pandemia nos ha revelado aunque no sean productos directos de ella.
Ideas: Pandemias ayer y hoy
Epidemias y pandemias no constituyen un fenómeno nuevo. La lepra la peste el cólera o la viruela han dejado secuelas imborrables en la historia de la humanidad. También han sido la razón de ciertos descubrimientos y de que el ser humano se cuestione a sí mismo.
Impact of hiv/aids on education and poverty
marks the thirtieth anniversary of the first report of HIV which came from the United States where cases of an unusual disease were seen among young gay men. Thirty years later the location and pace of the epidemic has changed dramatically. Globally an estimated 33.3 million people are infected or living with HIV of which 22.5 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition of the 2.5 million children in the world estimated to be living with HIV 2.3 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. Southern Africa the most affected region includes a number of middle- and lower-middle-income nations known as the hyperendemic countries. In South Africa alone there are about 5.7 million
Microbicides: New hope for hiv prevention
HIV/AIDS is particularly severe in Africa where women bear a disproportionate burden of the epidemic. One of the most crucial challenges in HIV prevention in Africa is to reduce the high infection rates among young women. Worldwide just over half of all people living with HIV are women and 70-90 per cent of all HIV infections among women are through heterosexual intercourse.' In sub-Saharan Africa women aged fifteen- to twenty-four years with HIV represent 76 per cent of the total cases in that age group outnumbering their male peers by as much as eight to one.1 Although the majority of new HIV cases in the United States are through male-to-male sexual contact heterosexual contact accounts for 84 per cent of new infections among women.
The imperative for faith communities: Overcoming the hiv/aids epidemicthrough stigma reduction
That AIDS is a scourge which continues to fatally wound the physical cultural social economic political and spiritual health achievements hopes and aspirations of individuals families communities and nations is probably an established phenomenon that does not need much debate.
HIV/AIDS + education: Lessons from the 1980s + the gay male community in the United States
Knowledge is power: If we learned anything in the gay male community during the early days of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States it was that. No one knew what had hit us and people were dying in huge numbers all around us. The community lost friends colleagues and intimate partners. Initially mislabeled “gay-related immune [deficiency” (GRID) valuable time was lost in responding to the crisis because most felt safe in the belief that they were not at risk. Since early victims were predominantly gay men the stigma attached to homosexuality in the medical governing law enforcement and ecclesiastical institutions became a barrier to understanding prevention and treatment.
Women and hiv
What is it with women ami girls? Why are we always left behind? Why can’t we choose the things we want to be a part of? Why must we always race to the front rather than be left peacefully alone when we would rather not partake? Is it because as women we are strong powerful and the foundation of our society?
Interfaith response to hiv/aids
The story of interfaith response to HI V/AIDS is one that moved from initial doubt denial and moral hesitation—even direct denunciation—to one of global reach and scale. Hi is is a story that demonstrates both the power and challenges that come from specific beliefs morals and theology. It also points to greater possibilities for bridging divides in faith and culture through the power of common action on so great an issue of shared concern.
COVID-19 pandemic and gender aspects
The year 2020 marks two important landmarks in gender equality achievement: the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action and the 20th year of implementing Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women Peace and Security. Unfortunately the Covid-19 pandemic caused cancellation and postponement of many important international meetings including a shortened version of the 64th session of the Commission on the Status of Women but it is also risking to heavily jeopardize the progress made over recent years.
Cyber-crime during the COVID-19 pandemic
The pandemic of COVID-19 and the imposed lockdown has led to more people to be confined at home with many more hours to spend online each day and increasingly relying on the Internet to access services they normally obtain offline.
How organized crime is expanding during the COVID-19 crisis
Over the last century organized crime has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to rapidly adapt to mutated social political and economic conditions. While in some cases this adaptation was the result of a reactive response to improved legislation targeting their interests in many others it was ignited by the pursuit of new possibilities for economic profit. Examples in this sense include how quickly criminal groups adapted to new scenarios created for instance by geopolitical changes the integration of global markets or the generalized use of the world wide web as a marketplace for a variety of licit and illicit goods and services.
The principles of equality and non-discrimination under viral attack: Stigma, hate speech, xenophobia, racism and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic
The principle of equality – the belief that all human beings are born free and equal – along with the correlated prohibition on discrimination are foundations of society. Equality is one of the most basic aspects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and a pillar on which the United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945. Yet following the emergence of the coronavirus in December 2019 this long-established fundamental human right is being increasingly threatened. Indeed as the UN Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues Fernand de Varennes observed “COVID-19 is not just a health issue; it can also be a virus that exacerbates xenophobia hate and exclusion.”
Nos invitées: « Il faut éduquer les algorithmes »
Sexistes les algorithmes ? La question peut paraître incongrue. Codés par des humains les algorithmes utilisés par lintelligence artificielle néchappent pourtant pas aux stéréotypes. Mais sils peuvent induire des biais sexistes ou racistes ils peuvent aussi servir à faire avancer la cause de légalité. Cest ce que montrent Aude Bernheim et Flora Vincent dans un ouvrage intitulé LIntelligence artificielle pas sans elles !
Une occasion de réinventer l’école
Avec la crise sanitaire ce sont près d’15 milliard d’apprenants soit 90 % de la population scolaire mondiale qui ont été déscolarisés (source : UNESCO). Du jour au lendemain les établissements ont dû se convertir à l’apprentissage à distance obligeant l’école à imaginer d’autres méthodes d’enseignement.
Le marché de l’art victime de son succès
Très lucratif le marché noir dobjets dart et dantiquité a prospéré notamment grâce à lengouement des acheteurs aux carences des législations à la complicité dacteurs du secteur à la multiplication des pillages dans les pays en situation de conflit et au développement des plateformes de vente en ligne.
Documenter ma culture dans sa forme la plus authentique
Les enfants autochtones leurs droits fondamentaux, leur taux de mortalité et les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement
La Déclaration des droits de l’enfant élaborée par Eglantyne Jebb en 1923 et adoptée par la Société des Nations en 1924 a été la première fois qu’un document s’attachait à promouvoir les droits de l’enfant. Le 20 novembre 1959 l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies adoptait sa propre version beaucoup plus développée comprenant dix principes au lieu des cinq originaux. La Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant des Nations Unies a été le premier instrument international juridiquement contraignant à inclure tous les droits de l’homme décrivant les besoins et les droits spécifiques des enfants. Ces droits comprenaient les droits économiques politiques et sociaux ainsi que certains aspects du droit humanitaire.
Hier et aujourd’hui
Comme le monde change ! Il y a une quinzaine d’années à peine en 1994 je collaborais à la rédaction d’une grande étude de la Banque mondiale Pour une meilleure santé en Afrique. Aujourd’hui j’occupe le poste de Président-directeur général de l’Association des Nations Unies des États-Unis d’Amérique (UNA-USA) et j’ai le privilège d’observer les questions de santé mondiales. Ces expériences me permettent d’évaluer les changements qui sont survenus dans les institutions mondiales de santé les politiques de santé et financement.
Les premiers occupants d’Australie leur bien-être social et psychologique
Les aborigènes d’Australie et les insulaires du détroit de Torrès représentent 25 % de la population australienne et continuent de souffrir de manière disproportionnée des conséquences de la colonisation européenne dans le pays. Leur espérance de vie est réduite de 10 ans par rapport à celle du reste de la population les taux de décès sont deux fois plus élevés dans toutes les tranches d’âge et les lésions auto-infligées chez les hommes entre 2001 et 2005 figurent parmi les causes principales de décès. Bien que nous ne disposions pas de données nationales définitives sur l’incidence et la prévalence des troubles mentaux parmi les Australiens aborigènes et les habitants des îles du détroit de Torrès il est clair que de grandes disparités existent dans le domaine de la santé mentale.
Tendances en matière de politiques visant à promouvoir une maternité sans risque
Toutes les minutes une femme meurt dans le monde de complications liées à la grossesse et à l’accouchement ce qui représente plus de 500 000 femmes chaque année 99 % de ces tragédies survenant dans les pays en développement. Selon le Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population le fossé entre les riches et les pauvres est particulièrement alarmant : le risque de mourir pendant la grossesse et l’accouchement est de 1 pour 22 en Afrique de 1 pour 120 en Asie et de 1 pour 7 300 dans les pays développés.
Créer un réseau mondial de santé publique
Le « court XX siècle » tel qu’Eric Hobsbawm l’a défini en 1995 a été marqué par d’importants progrès économiques sociaux techniques et scientifiques qui ont amélioré la qualité de vie et la santé de millions de personnes dans le monde. Toutefois en tant qu’« âge des extrêmes » une autre formule d’Hobsbawm le processus de mondialisation a créé non seulement d’énormes disparités internationales mais aussi de graves problèmes d’ordre social et sanitaire en particulier dans les pays exclus des axes centraux de l’économie mondiale.
Paludisme: Sang, sueurs et larmes
VIH/SIDA: Allons-nous gagner la bataille et quand?
Il est tout à fait pertinent d’examiner l’évolution de l’épidémie du VIH/sida dans le contexte de la santé mondiale. L’un des aspects essentiels de la santé mondiale en tant que terrain d’étude et de pratique est qu’elle a pour objectif non seulement d’améliorer la santé dans le monde mais aussi de réduire les inégalités entre les peuples – des inégalités qui sont en soi des injustices. Il n’y aura aucune amélioration significative dans le domaine de la santé mondiale à moins que les nations et leurs acteurs constituants ne travaillent ensemble dans ce but. La lutte contre le sida constitue et constituera un test important de la capacité des nations à collaborer et les caractéristiques de l’infection soulignent clairement les inégalités qui doivent être éliminées dans les pays et entre ceux-ci.
Les soins de santé primaires : Plus que jamais nécessaries
En 1978 la Déclaration d’Alma-Ata issue de la Conférence sur les soins de santé primaires a mis en évidence l’importance des soins de santé primaires comme moyen d’accéder à un niveau acceptable de santé pour tous. L’initiative était ambitieuse. La Déclaration a été adoptée en réponse aux inégalités qui existent dans la situation sanitaire des populations et a proposé une stratégie pour réduire ces écarts en préconisant un changement fondamental des systèmes de santé et de la fourniture des soins. Comme le déclarait la Déclaration une politique éclairée qui fait de l’accès équitable aux soins de santé un objectif explicite peut améliorer le niveau de santé des populations leur permettre de mener une vie sociale et économique satisfaisante et de devenir ainsi le moteur du développement.
La santé mondiale : Un objectif prioritaire du XXIe siècle
Les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD) qui découlent de la Déclaration du Millénaire des Nations Unies accordent une place prioritaire à la santé mondiale pour le siècle. Leur réalisation est essentielle pour garantir la paix mondiale et la stabilité économique ainsi que pour traiter les problèmes essentiels relatifs aux droits de l’homme à l’égalité et à l’équité.
Les maladies liées au mode de vie, une nouvelle menace
Coronavirus: In Timbuktu youth is at the forefront of raising awareness against COVID-19
In its efforts to raise awareness against the coronavirus the association “The voice of the students of Timbuktu” has just trained around thirty young people in respect of measures to stop the contagion. The training can be recognized as a means to strengthen the prevention of COVID-19 in Timbuktu where nothing seems to worry the population.
The young people of Mali: Key players against COVID-19
The world is shaken by an unprecedented health crisis. Its multiple ravages are echoing all over the world and the media seem to revel in it as information concerning the situation becomes vital. Needless to say Covid-19 made its appearance at the end of 2019 in Wuhan the capital of the province of Hubei in China and at the start of 2020 continued to spread in an overpowering and dominant way not only characterized by its speed but also in its capacity of adaptation across all continents of the world. China has been overwhelmed. In France there are no longer yellow vest protests. Italy no longer sings and the art world present in the country has closed its doors. It would seem that America in tears suddenly forgot its superpower. The virus rapidly spread also in Latin America with more than 11 thousand cases in 24 hours in Brazil. All of this to show the very serious impact that Covid-19 has provoked on daily life around the world. In fact on March 11 it qualified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) exceeding the number of 100 infected countries to all areas of the globe.
Décryptage: Une crise de l’éducation sans précédent
La crise de l’éducation provoquée par la fermeture des établissements scolaires et universitaires à travers le monde pour lutter contre la propagation de la pandémie de Covid-19 a atteint son pic à la miavril. Entre le 16 et le 19 avril les écoles ont été fermées dans plus 190 pays affectant 157 milliard d’enfants et de jeunes soit plus de 90 % d’apprenants. Tout au long de la crise sanitaire l’UNESCO a assuré le suivi au niveau mondial de la situation en publiant sur son site la carte des fermetures d’établissements scolaires.
L’Argentine, pays champion des restitutions
Depuis 2004 lArgentine a rendu à leur pays dorigine près de 5 000 biens culturels saisis sur son sol. Une plus grande reconnaissance de lart des civilisations préhispaniques et ladoption dune loi protégeant le patrimoine archéologique et paléontologique sont à lorigine de cette nouvelle politique.
La frontière, barrière mouvante, invisible mais bien réelle
La frontière d’aujourd’hui n’est plus forcément faite de briques et de barbelés. Elle s’apparente de plus en plus à une barrière mouvante qui s’appuie sur les technologies de pointe et la réglementation pour imposer des restrictions de circulation aux citoyens. La pandémie de Covid-19 a encore accentué ce phénomène.
Les femmes restent les héroïnes de l’ombre de cette crise
La crise sanitaire et le confinement quasi généralisé auquel elle a conduit se sont traduits par une recrudescence des violences à l’égard des femmes. Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka directrice exécutive d’ONU Femmes met en garde contre un possible recul du droit des femmes.
Концепция музея будущего
Как приобщать к культуре и искусству с учетом изменившихся требований к приему посетителей? Вот главный вопрос на повестке дня Музея искусств в Квинсе — как и многих других культурных учреждений всего мира. В поисках ответа на него сотрудники нью-йоркского музея стремятся выработать новую инклюзивную концепцию в которой деятели искусства работники образования и местные общины занимали бы центральное место.
«Женщины — непризнанные героини этого кризиса»
Одним из последствий кризиса в области здравоохранения и введенного во многих странах режима изоляции стал рост насилия в отношении женщин. Исполнительный директор структуры «ООН-женщины» г-жа Фумзиле Мламбо-Нгкука предостерегает о возможном ограничении прав женщин.
Подвижные границы, невидимые, но реальные
Современная граница далеко не всегда представляет собой незыблемую каменную стену. На смену кирпичу и колючей проволоке приходят новейшие технологии и сложные правовые нормы которые все больше превращают ее в гибкую преграду регулирующую передвижение граждан без привязки к географии. Пандемия COVID-19 лишь усилила эту тенденцию.
Научные исследования: «Пандемия послужит импульсом»
Натали Струб-Вургафт является одним из инициаторов создания Коалиции в поддержку клинических исследований связанных с COVID-19 которая была основана в апреле текущего года учеными врачами инвесторами и ответственными за разработку политики лицами из более чем 30 стран в целях содействия научным исследованиям в странах с низким уровнем дохода. Она выступает в поддержку проведения особых исследований с учетом специфики этих стран.
زوم: يوميات مسافرات لم يبرحن مكانهن
راثلآا يه كلت ،ةقهرم ةيلزنم ءابعأ ،لخد نادقف ،ةلزع ةحئاج ةهجاوم في ةضورفلما لزعلا تاءارجإ نع ةمجانلا ّنه .ءاسنلا لىع عقولا ّدشأ اهل ناك يتلاو ،19 ـ ديفوك ،ينواعت عوشرم راطإ في نعمتجا ةأرما 400 نم رثكأ نأشنأف ،قوبسلما يرغ عضولا اذه ةهجاولم ،هعون نم ديرف هتقلطأ ءادن رثإ سرام فصتنم في ”ةديرجلا“ ايئاقلت ،2017 ماع ذنمو .تارّوصم ءاسن ةعامج كوبسيفلا برع وضع 1000 لياوح مضت يتلا ،ةكبشلا هذه تعضو ءاسنلا ددع ةدايز في لّثمتي افده ،دلب ةئام وحن لىع ينعزوم.ملاعلإا طئاسو في تاروصلما
Наш гость: Юваль Ной Харари: «Каждый кризис несет в себе новые возможности»
أفكار: هذه الميكروبات والفيروسات التي تصنع التاريخ
،ايرلوكلاو ،نوعاطلاو ،ماذجلاف .ةديدج رهاوظ حئاوجلاو ةئبولأا تسيل ناسنلإاب اوعفد مهنأ امك .ةيشربلا خيرات في ةلتاقلا مهتامصب اوكرت ،يردجلاو .تازاجنلإا ديدع ءارو اوناكو ،لؤاستلا عضوم هسفن عضي نأ لىإ
Идеи: Микробы и вирусы: маленькие участники большой истории
فرصة لإعادة ابتكار المدرسة
ةسردلما نع بلاط فصنلاو رايللما براقي ام عاطقنا لىإ ةيحصلا ةمزلأا تضفأ :ردصلما( يلماعلا ديعصلا لىع بلاطلاو ذيملاتلا نم 90% يأ ،ةعماجلا وأ لّوحتلا لىإ ةيميلعتلا تاسسؤلما تّرطضا ،اهاحضو ةيشع ينبو .)وكسنويلا.ةديدج ةيميلعت جهانم رّوصت بجوأ اّمم ،دعُب نع ميلعتلا لىإ
Латинская Америка: к новому общественному договору
Сокращение доходов запущенная учеба рост неформальной занятости взрыв безработицы — вот лишь некоторые негативные последствия пандемии для стран Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна. По мнению социолога Карины Баттьяни предотвратить усиление социального неравенства может помочь новая более справедливая и солидарная социальная система.
Фокус: (Не)путевые заметки из самоизоляции
Изоляция потеря дохода тяжелый домашний труд: женщины-фотографы в полной мере испытали на себе влияние самоизоляции призванной сдержать распространение пандемии COVID-19. Столкнувшись с этой беспрецедентной ситуацией более 400 женщин-фотографов объединились для реализации уникального проекта The Journal («Дневник») который спонтанно возник в середине марта после призыва опубликованного в Facebook сообществом Women Photograph. Это объединение насчитывающее по меньшей мере 1000 участниц из более чем 100 стран было основано в 2017 году с целью способствовать увеличению доли женщин среди фотографов работающих в СМИ.
Коренные народы перед лицом пандемии
Глобальный кризис в области здравоохранения не обошедший стороной и коренные народы продемонстрировал всему миру удивительную жизнестойкость некоторых из них. Вместе с тем он как под увеличительным стеклом позволил увидеть незащищенность коренных общин крайне уязвимых перед инфекционными заболеваниями вследствие нищеты недоедания и нехватки надлежащей медицинской помощи.
Наглядно: Мировой кризис в сфере образования
Одной из мер борьбы с пандемией COVID-19 стало закрытие по всему миру учебных заведений. Это привело к беспрецедентному кризису в сфере образования достигшему наибольших масштабов в середине апреля 2020 года. В период с 16 по 19 апреля школы и вузы были закрыты в более чем 190 странах что непосредственно отразилось на жизни 157 миллиарда детей и молодых людей то есть на более чем 90 % учащихся. На протяжении всей пандемии ЮНЕСКО осуществляла глобальный мониторинг закрытия образовательных учреждений отражая его результаты на интерактивной карте.
Писать, чтобы рассеять тьму
Мир завтрашнего дня уже не будет похож на мир вчерашний. Чтобы сделать его добрее людям следует быть более доброжелательными к тому что им незнакомо и с большим уважением относиться ко всему живому убеждена поэтесса Чжай Юнмин.